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internal systems

  • 1 внутренние системы

    1. internal systems

    3.1.10 внутренние системы (internal systems): Электрические и электронные системы, расположенные внутри здания (сооружения).

    Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 62305-2-2010: Менеджмент риска. Защита от молнии. Часть 2. Оценка риска оригинал документа

    3.30 внутренние системы (internal systems): Электрические и электронные системы, расположенные внутри здания (сооружения).

    Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 62305-1-2010: Менеджмент риска. Защита от молнии. Часть 1. Общие принципы оригинал документа

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > внутренние системы

  • 2 встраиваемые принадлежности (автоматического выключателя)

    1. internal auxiliaries
    2. internal accessories

     

    встраиваемые принадлежности
    -

    В состав встраиваемых принадлежностей автоматического выключателя входят:

    • блок-контакт (сигнальный контакт, контакт сигнализации, вспомогательный контакт) сигнализации срабатывания автоматического выключателя (т. е. нахождения автоматического выключателя в положении СРАБОТАЛ,
    • вспомогательный контакт сигнализации включенного и отключенного положения автоматического выключателя,
    • минимальный расцепитель напряжения,
    • независимый расцепитель напряжения

    [Интент]

    3071_1
     

    Принадлежности автоматического выключателя
    Рис. LS Industrial Systems
     

    Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

    Тематики

    Классификация

    >>>

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > встраиваемые принадлежности (автоматического выключателя)

  • 3 неработоспособное состояние

    1. internal disabled state
    2. failed state
    3. down state

     

    неработоспособное состояние
    Состояние объекта, при котором значение хотя бы одного параметра, характеризующего способность выполнять заданные функции, не соответствует требованиям нормативно-технической и (или) конструкторской (проектной) документации.
    Примечание. Для сложных объектов возможно деление их неработоспособных состояний. При этом из множества неработоспособных состояний выделяют частично неработоспособные состояния, при которых объект способен частично выполнять требуемые функции.
    [ ГОСТ 27.002-89]

    неработоспособное состояние
    Состояние объекта, при котором значение хотя бы одного параметра, характеризующего способность выполнять заданные функции, не соответствует требованиям нормативно-технической и/или конструкторской (проектной) документации (ГОСТ 27. 002).
    [ОСТ 45.152-99]

    EN

    down state
    internal disabled state
    a state of an item characterized either by a fault, or by a possible inability to perform a required function during preventive maintenance
    NOTE 1 – This state relates to availability performance.
    NOTE 2 – In French, the adjective "indisponible" qualifies an item in a down state.
    NOTE 3 – In French, in the field of electric power systems, the term "état d'indisponibilité" is used for any disabled state and not only for a down state.
    0818
    [IEV number 191-06-07]

    FR

    état d'indisponibilité
    état d'incapacité interne
    état d'une entité caractérisé soit par une panne soit par l'inaptitude éventuelle à accomplir une fonction requise pendant l'entretien
    NOTE 1 – Cet état est lié à la notion de disponibilité en tant qu'aptitude.
    NOTE 2 – En français, l'adjectif "indisponible" qualifie une entité en état d'indisponibilité.
    NOTE 3 – En français, dans le domaine des réseaux d'énergie électrique, le terme "état d'indisponibilité" désigne tout état d'incapacité et non seulement un état d'incapacité interne.
    0819
    [IEV number 191-06-07]

    Тематики

    • надежность, основные понятия
    • тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи

    Обобщающие термины

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

    3.4 неработоспособное состояние (failed state): Состояние системы (элемента), в котором система (элемент) не исполняет требуемую функцию.

    Примечание - Система может иметь несколько различных неработоспособных состояний.

    Источник: ГОСТ Р 51901.15-2005: Менеджмент риска. Применение марковских методов оригинал документа

    2.4. Неработоспособное состояние

    Неработоспособность

    Down state

    Состояние объекта, при котором значение хотя бы одного параметра, характеризующего способность выполнять заданные функции, не соответствует требованиям нормативно-технической и (или) конструкторской (проектной) документации.

    Примечание. Для сложных объектов возможно деление их неработоспособных состояний. При этом из множества неработоспособных состояний выделяют частично неработоспособные состояния, при которых объект способен частично выполнять требуемые функции

    Источник: ГОСТ 27.002-89: Надежность в технике. Основные понятия. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > неработоспособное состояние

  • 4 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
    16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.
    17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.
    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
    21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.
    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
    23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.
    24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.
    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
    27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.
    28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
    29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.
    31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.
    32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.
    33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.
    34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.
    36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.
    37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.
    38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.
    39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.
    40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.
    41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).
    42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.
    43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.
    44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.
    45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.
    47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.
    48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.
    49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.
    50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.
    51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.
    52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.
    53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.
    54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.
    55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.
    56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.
    57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.
    58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.
    59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.
    60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.
    61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.
    62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.
    63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.
    64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.
    65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.
    66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.
    67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.
    68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.
    69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.
    70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.
    71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.
    72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.
    73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.
    74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.
    75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.
    76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.
    77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).
    78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.
    79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.
    80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.
    81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.
    82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.
    83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.
    85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.
    86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.
    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
    90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.
    91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.
    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
    93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
    94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.
    96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.
    98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.
    99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.
    100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.
    101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.
    102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.
    103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.
    104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.
    105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.
    106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.
    107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.
    110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.
    111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.
    112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.
    113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.
    114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
    115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.
    116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.
    117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.
    118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.
    119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.
    120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.
    121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.
    122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.
    123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
    124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.
    125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.
    126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.
    127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.
    128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.
    130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.
    133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.
    134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.
    136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.
    137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.
    140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.
    141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.
    142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.
    143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.
    144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.
    145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
    146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.
    147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.
    148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.
    149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.
    150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.
    151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.
    152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.
    153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.
    154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
    155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.
    156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.
    157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
    158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.
    159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.
    161. Deutsch, H. (1942) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    162. Deutsch, H. (1955) The impostor. In: Neuroses and Character Types. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.
    163. Devereux, G. (1953) Why Oedipus killed Lains. IJP, 34.
    164. Dewald, P. (1982) Psychoanalytic perspectives On resistance. In: resistance, Psychodynamics. and Behavioral Approaches, ed. P. Wachtel. New York: Plenum Press.
    165. Dickes, R. (1963) Fetishistic behavior. JAPA. 11.
    166. Dickes, R. (1965) The defensive function of an altered state of consciousness. JAPA, 13.
    167. Dickes, R. (1967) Severe regressive disruption of the therapeutic alliance. JAPA, 15.
    168. Dickes, R. (1981) Sexual myths and misinformation. In: Understanding Human Behaviour in Health and Illness, ed. R. C. Simon & H. Pardes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
    169. Dorpat, T. L. (1985) Denial and Defense in the Therapeutic Situation. New York: Jason Aronson.
    170. Downey, T. W. (1978) Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PSOC, 33.
    171. Dunbar, F. (1954) Emotions and Bodily Functions. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    172. Easson, W. M. (1973) The earliest ego development, primitive memory traces, and the Isakower phenomenon. PQ, 42.
    173. Edelheit, H. (1971) Mythopoiesis and the primal scene. Psychoanal. Study Society, 5.
    174. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relation ships, part I. PSOC, 27.
    175. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1975) The phallicnarcissistic phase. PSOC, 30.
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    Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

  • 5 внутреннее состояние управления выполнением

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внутреннее состояние управления выполнением

  • 6 спецификация внутренних переменных

    Programming: internal variable specification (функционального блока, cм. IEC 61499-1, Robert W. Lewis: Modelling control systems using IEC 61499. Applying function blocks to distributed systems)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > спецификация внутренних переменных

  • 7 с помощью

    [см. доставлять с помощью; наиболее целесообразно гасить энергию с помощью; проблема, решаемая с помощью; сближение с помощью ручного управления; совершать посадку с помощью ручного управления; управляться с помощью; энергопитание … осуществляется с помощью; см. тж. с … помощью; син. благодаря; за счет; посредством; при помощи; путем; с использованием; с применением; через]
    With the help of modern communications you can visit us on board of our space home…
    Helped by his friends the cosmonaut assumed the position which he had managed earlier to get into with so much effort…
    With the aid of the control stick on the right-hand side the cosmonaut turned the spacecraft around the center of mass.
    With the use of the on-board propulsion system it performed all manoeuvres required for a rendezvous and docking.
    …the attainment of an essentially new level of… through the use of spacecraft.
    Orientation of spacecraft with reference to fixed stars by the use of star sensors.
    The manoeuvre is performed by means of on-board rocket engines.
    The results of these observations are transmitted to the Earth by radio systems and TV systems…
    Now the cosmonauts could contact each other not only through radio communication channels, but also by means of internal telephone lines.
    Inside the orbital compartment the cosmonauts, helping each other and assisted by spacecraft commander Boris Volynov, put on their space suits.

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  • 8 автоматизированная система проектирования

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  • 9 система автоматизированного проектирования

    1. computer-aided design system
    2. CAD system

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > система автоматизированного проектирования

  • 10 ввод в эксплуатацию

    1. startup
    2. start-up service
    3. start-up
    4. start up
    5. putting into operation
    6. installation
    7. implementation
    8. going into operation
    9. commissioning
    10. commission
    11. bringing into service
    12. breakingin
    13. breaking-in
    14. BIS

     

    ввод в эксплуатацию
    Событие, фиксирующее готовность изделия к использованию по назначению, документально оформленное в установленном порядке.
    Примечание - Для специальных видов техники к вводу в эксплуатацию дополнительно относят подготовительные работы, контроль, приемку и закрепление изделия за эксплуатирующим подразделением
    [ ГОСТ 25866-83 Эксплуатация техники. Термины и определения.]

    FR

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    No more pulleys nor belts to adjust during start up and service
    [Lennox]

    Не нужно регулировать положение шкивов и натяжение ремней при вводе в эксплуатацию и во время технического обслуживания.
    [Перевод Интент]

    START-UP
    Once the equipment has been placed in its definitive location, Schneider Electric CPCS factory-trained service personnel will energize and check the functionality of the equipment in all modes of operation and conduct various tests to obtain internal power supply voltage readings, temperature, pressure and other critical checks.

    CPCS - Critical Power & Cooling Services
    [Schneider Electric]

    Putting into operation vs. Commissioning

    Hello!
    What is the difference in the use of terms "commissioning" and "putting into operation"?
    Are they absolutely interchangeable or there are certain tints in their meaning, which limit their applicatoin in this or that context?
    =======================================

    I am an engineer who works in the field, commissioning equipment.

    Commissioning is the process where everything associated with the equipment is fully checked, all items are simulated or caused to happen, all possible events are tested, all methods of failure are accounted for. In other words, the complete design of the equipment is tested. Then, and only then, equipment is run and shown to be according to the design.

    This is commissioning.

    You could put equipment into operation without fully checking all systems. You can just run equipment and hope that all safety systems work according to plan.

    That is the difference. No manufacturer or reputable engineering firm would simply put equipment into operation.
    [ http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/136100-Putting-into-operation-vs-Commissioning]

    Тематики

    • система техн. обслуж. и ремонта техники

    EN

    3.14 ввод в эксплуатацию (commissioning): Действия, которые предпринимаются после испытаний давлением и перед эксплуатацией, включающие в себя удаление воды, очистку, осушку и заполнение продуктом.

    Источник: ГОСТ Р 54382-2011: Нефтяная и газовая промышленность. Подводные трубопроводные системы. Общие технические требования оригинал документа

    2.121 ввод в эксплуатацию (start up): Действие по подготовке и переводу в эксплуатацию чистого помещения со всеми подсистемами, включая комплект документации, наличие обученного персонала, вспомогательных служб и пр.

    [ИСО 14644-4:2001, статья 3.10]

    Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 14644-6-2010: Чистые помещения и связанные с ними контролируемые среды. Часть 6. Термины оригинал документа

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ввод в эксплуатацию

  • 11 возникать

    •

    An earthquake is generated (or develops, or occurs) when two blocks...

    •

    The potential appearing across the output terminal is...

    •

    These forces arise from the displacement of the aileron.

    •

    The methylamines are widely distributed in nature where they arise probably as the result of decomposition of...

    •

    The strains that are brought about in steel during the hardening process...

    •

    Planets may come into being (or existence, or may result) when small planetesimals fall together.

    •

    Above 1000°F another process is coming into play.

    •

    Under such conditions, it is possible that a crack may develop in a furnace.

    •

    Under these conditions a bias will be developed because of the flow of electrons from grid to ground.

    •

    Problems invariably occur which call for...

    •

    A wave originating at point can reach any of the several detectors.

    •

    A model of this type can be changed many times during the construction as new problems present themselves.

    •

    Chemistry grew out of the black magic of the dark ages and the alchemy of the middle ages.

    •

    This definition came about because it simplified the study of control systems.

    •

    A dispute which ensued between the two groups...

    •

    These forces are generated in the earth's interior.

    •

    Shear is produced in columns by () variation in...

    II
    •

    Ultimately, a molecule similar to modern catalase came into existence.

    •

    Brain tumours are not likely to arise from a mature neuron.

    •

    Planets may result [or come into being (or existence)] when small planetesimals fall together.

    •

    As a result there occurs what is known as the Cerenkov effect.

    •

    These craters date back to a period of...

    •

    Interest in developing... goes back to the 1950s.

    III
    •

    Such forces occur when...

    •

    In our galaxy, supernovae occur once every 30 years or so.

    •

    Three questions might come to mind about the properties of...

    * * *
    Возникать -- to appear, to develop (появляться), to arise, to come into being; to emerge, to originate (о трудностях, вопросах)
     Several problems have arisen during the course of the work which have required system development.
     Did the Neolithic of southern Greece really come into being as abruptly as it now appears it did?
     To troubleshoot a scale system problem, first determine in which scale system element the problem originates.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возникать

  • 12 возникать

    •

    An earthquake is generated (or develops, or occurs) when two blocks...

    •

    The potential appearing across the output terminal is...

    •

    These forces arise from the displacement of the aileron.

    •

    The methylamines are widely distributed in nature where they arise probably as the result of decomposition of...

    •

    The strains that are brought about in steel during the hardening process...

    •

    Planets may come into being (or existence, or may result) when small planetesimals fall together.

    •

    Above 1000°F another process is coming into play.

    •

    Under such conditions, it is possible that a crack may develop in a furnace.

    •

    Under these conditions a bias will be developed because of the flow of electrons from grid to ground.

    •

    Problems invariably occur which call for...

    •

    A wave originating at point can reach any of the several detectors.

    •

    A model of this type can be changed many times during the construction as new problems present themselves.

    •

    Chemistry grew out of the black magic of the dark ages and the alchemy of the middle ages.

    •

    This definition came about because it simplified the study of control systems.

    •

    A dispute which ensued between the two groups...

    •

    These forces are generated in the earth's interior.

    •

    Shear is produced in columns by () variation in...

    II
    •

    Ultimately, a molecule similar to modern catalase came into existence.

    •

    Brain tumours are not likely to arise from a mature neuron.

    •

    Planets may result [or come into being (or existence)] when small planetesimals fall together.

    •

    As a result there occurs what is known as the Cerenkov effect.

    •

    These craters date back to a period of...

    •

    Interest in developing... goes back to the 1950s.

    III
    •

    Such forces occur when...

    •

    In our galaxy, supernovae occur once every 30 years or so.

    •

    Three questions might come to mind about the properties of...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возникать

  • 13 создаваться

    •

    The internal circulation is set up (or caused) by the gas-liquid surface shear forces.

    •

    The magnetic field is set up (or induced, or produced) by the current flowing through...

    •

    The convective currents are set up by the temperature difference.

    •

    The pressure is created by detonation.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > создаваться

  • 14 внутренняя структура задачи

    Programming: internal task structure (см. Auslander D.M., Ridgely J.R., Ringgenberg J.D. Control Software for Mechanical Systems. Object-Oriented Design in a Real-Time World)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внутренняя структура задачи

  • 15 передача

    communications, communication, dispatch, (напр. сигналов) dissemination, drive, exchange, gear авто, gearing, passing вчт., ( сигнала) propagation, relay, relaying, rendering, rendition, sending, speed, transfer, transference, transmission
    * * *
    переда́ча ж.
    1. свз. transmission; (передаваемая информация, сообщения) traffic [exchange] of messages; (особ. метод передачи в линию) signalling
    переда́ча А сбра́сывает переда́чу Б — transmission A silences transmission B
    вести́ переда́чу «вслепу́ю» — send [transmit] blind
    вести́ переда́чу для опознава́ния ав. — transmit for identification
    вести́ переда́чу с буквопеча́тающим контро́лем — type the home copy while sending
    запи́сывать переда́чу ( об операторе) — transcribe [record] a transmission [a message]
    2. ( вид излучения) emission, transmission
    на второ́й переда́че — in second gear
    на пе́рвой переда́че — in first gear
    на прямо́й переда́че — on direct gear
    на тре́тьей переда́че — in third gear
    переключа́ть переда́чу авто — change [shift] the gears
    переходи́ть на вы́сшую переда́чу авто — upshift
    переходи́ть на ни́зшую переда́чу авто — downshift
    рабо́тать че́рез повыша́ющую переда́чу мех. — be geared up
    рабо́тать че́рез понижа́ющую переда́чу мех. — be geared down
    амплиту́дно-модули́рованная переда́ча — amplitude-modulated [AM] transmission
    переда́ча «бли́ндом» рад. — blind transmission
    ве́дущаяся переда́ча свз. — transmission [communication] in progress
    переда́ча в зо́не прямо́й ви́димости рад. — line-of-sight transmission
    переда́ча да́нных с непреры́вным автомати́ческим запро́сом подтвержде́ния — continuous-ARQ data communication
    переда́ча да́нных с ожида́нием подтвержде́ния — stop-and-wait ARQ data communication
    внестуди́йная переда́ча — outside broadcasting; outdoor pick-up
    гидравли́ческая переда́ча — hydraulic transmission
    гидродинами́ческая переда́ча — hydrodynamic [hydraulic rotary] transmission
    гидростати́ческая переда́ча — hydrostatic [(positive-)displacement hydraulic] transmission
    гла́вная переда́ча — final drive
    переда́ча да́нных — ( внутри и между ЭВМ и периферийными устройствами) data transfer; ( по линиям связи) data communication, data transmission
    переда́ча двумя́ боковы́ми полоса́ми — double-sideband [DSB] transmission
    зубча́тая переда́ча — gearing, gear train, gear transmission
    зубча́тая, винтова́я переда́ча — crossed-axis helical [hypoid] gearing, skew gearing
    зубча́тая, геликоида́льная переда́ча — crossed-axis helical gearing
    зубча́тая, гиперболо́идная переда́ча — hyperboloid(al) gearing
    зубча́тая, гипо́идная переда́ча — hypoid gearing
    зубча́тая, глобо́идная переда́ча — globoid gearing
    зубча́тая, кони́ческая переда́ча — bevel gearing
    зубча́тая, многоступе́нчатая переда́ча — multiple gearing
    зубча́тая переда́ча Но́викова — Novikov gearing
    зубча́тая, одноступе́нчатая переда́ча — single gearing
    зубча́тая, планета́рная переда́ча — planetary [epicyclic, sun-and-planet] gear
    зубча́тая, повыша́ющая переда́ча — step-up gear(ing)
    зубча́тая, понижа́ющая переда́ча — step-down gear(ing)
    зубча́тая, проста́я переда́ча — simple gearing
    зубча́тая переда́ча с вне́шним зацепле́нием — external gear train
    зубча́тая переда́ча с вну́тренним зацепле́нием — internal gear train
    зубча́тая, торо́идная переда́ча — toroidal-worm [globoid-worm] gearing
    зубча́тая, цикло́идная переда́ча — cycloidal gearing
    зубча́тая, цилиндри́ческая переда́ча — ( общий термин) cylindrical gearing; ( с косозубыми колёсами) helical gearing; ( с прямозубыми колёсами) spur gearing; ( с шевронными колёсами) herring-bone gearing
    зубча́тая, цилиндри́ческая, эвольве́нтная переда́ча — involute gearing
    зубча́тая, шевро́нная переда́ча — herring-bone gear, chevron gear drive
    индика́торная, дистанцио́нная переда́ча
    1. ( процесс) self-synchronous remote indication transmission
    2. ( устройство) (direct) self-synchronous transmission system
    кана́тная переда́ча — rope transmission
    карда́нная переда́ча — gimbal drive, gimbal gear
    клиноремё́нная переда́ча — V-belt transmission
    многокана́льная переда́ча — multichannel transmission
    многокра́тная переда́ча свз. — multiplex transmission
    переда́ча на одно́й боково́й полосе́ — single-sideband [SSB] transmission
    переда́ча негати́вным сигна́лом ( в фототелеграфной связи) — white transmission
    переда́ча непреры́вным излуче́нием без модуля́ции — unmodulated CW transmission, unmodulated CW emission
    нереверси́вная переда́ча — unidirectional drive
    плоскоремё́нная переда́ча — flat-belt [band] transmission
    переда́ча положи́тельным сигна́лом ( в фототелеграфной связи) — black transmission
    про́бная переда́ча в полё́те ав. — signal check
    про́бная, назе́мная переда́ча ав. — maintenance check
    про́бная переда́ча пе́ред вы́летом ав. — preflight check
    ре́ечная переда́ча — rack-and-gear drive, rack gear
    ремё́нная переда́ча — belt transmission
    переда́ча ре́чи ( системы передачи данных) — voice transmission (capability)
    блоки́ровать переда́чу ре́чи — depress voice capability
    рыча́жная переда́ча — linkage
    переда́ча с акти́вной па́узой свз. — nonreturn-to-zero [NRZ] signalling
    переда́ча с амплиту́дной манипуля́цией [АТ] — on-off keying, on-off [A1] transmission
    синхро́нная переда́ча (напр., сельсинная) — synchronized transmission (system) (as exemplified by synchro systems)
    синхро́нная, сельси́нная переда́ча в дифференциа́льном режи́ме — differential synchro system
    синхро́нная, сельси́нная переда́ча в индика́торном режи́ме — synchro repeater [synchro direct transmission] system
    синхро́нная, сельси́нная переда́ча в трансформа́торном режи́ме — synchro control-transformer [synchro detector] system
    синхро́нная, сельси́нная индика́торная переда́ча — synchro repeater [synchro direct transmission] system
    переда́ча с относи́тельной фа́зовой манипуля́цией [ОФМ] — phase-difference-shift keying [PDSK] transmission
    переда́ча с пасси́вной па́узой свз. — return-to-zero [RZ] signalling
    переда́ча с пода́вленной несу́щей — suppressed-carrier [SC] transmission
    переда́ча с части́чно пода́вленной боково́й полосо́й — asymmetrical-sideband [vestigial-sideband] transmission
    переда́ча с часто́тной манипуля́цией — frequency-shift-keying [FSK, F1] transmission
    переда́ча телевизио́нных изображе́ний — picture [video] transmission
    телегра́фная переда́ча — telegraph transmission
    переда́ча тепла́ — heat transfer
    переда́ча управле́ния вчт. — transfer (of control)
    переда́ча управле́ния по, напр. отрица́тельному результа́ту — transfer (of control) on, e. g., negative
    переда́ча управле́ния, безусло́вная вчт. — unconditional transfer of control, jump
    переда́ча управле́ния, усло́вная — conditional transfer of control, branch
    фототелегра́фная переда́ча — facsimile transmission
    фрикцио́нная переда́ча — friction transmission, friction gear(ing)
    цветна́я переда́ча тлв. — colour transmission
    цепна́я переда́ча — chain gear, chain(-and-sprocket) transmission; chain drive gearing, chain(-and-sprocket) drive
    часто́тно-модули́рованная переда́ча — frequency-modulated [FM] transmission
    червя́чная переда́ча — worm gearing
    шароди́сковая переда́ча — ball-and-disk gear(ing)
    электри́ческая переда́ча — electrical transmission
    электромехани́ческая переда́ча — electromechanical transmission
    переда́ча эне́ргии
    1. (явление в физических процессах, напр. при соударениях) energy transfer
    2. ( электроснабжение) power transmission
    переда́ча эне́ргии на постоя́нном то́ке — direct-current power transmission
    * * *
    1) transfer; 2) gear

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > передача

  • 16 предполагать

    Предполагать - to suppose, to imagine; to assume (принимать допущение); to surmise, to conjecture, to presume, to propose (высказывать догадку); to infer (делать вывод на основании чего-либо); to contemplate (предусматривать)
     This final stage of the failure is surmised to be a result of changes in the internal state of stress of the wheel.
     On the basis of genetic analysis a common intermediate was proposed.
     The design area contemplates the use of wet pipe systems.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > предполагать

  • 17 принцип

    (правило) principle, rule, fundamentals; (убеждение) tenet

    быть верным принципам, придерживаться принципов — to adhere to the principles

    осуществлять принципы на практике — to put principles into practice, to realize principles in practice

    отстаивать / поддерживать принцип — to uphold a principle

    провозгласить принцип — to enunciate / to proclaim a principle

    разработать идеологические, политические и организационные принципы (партии) — to elaborate ideological, political and organizational principles

    моральные / нравственные принципы — moral principles

    общепризнанные принципы — generally / universally recognized principles

    общепризнанные принципы и нормы международного нрава — generally / universally recognized principles and rules of international law

    общие принципы — general guidelines; (единые) shared principles

    основные принципы — basic / fundamental / radical / root principles / tenets, ground rules, governing principles / motives

    основополагающие принципы — guidelines, fundamental principles

    действие / применение принципов — operation of principles

    принципы взаимности — principles / rules of reciprocity, principles of mutuality

    принцип всеобщего уважения и соблюдения прав и основных свобод — principle of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms

    принцип "домино" — "domino" principle

    принципы, зафиксированные в документе — principles as laid down in the document

    принцип мирного сосуществования государств с различными социальными системами — principle of peaceful co-existence of states with different social systems

    принцип невмешательства во внутренние дела (страны) — principle of non-interference in the internal / domestic affairs, let-alone principle

    принцип ненанесения ущерба безопасности какой-л. из стран — principle of undiminished security for each party

    принцип неотмены (уже существующих внешнеторговых льгот и привилегий для развивающихся стран) — standstill principle

    принципы, определяющие разоружение и регулирование вооружений — principles governing disarmament and regulation of armaments

    принципы, основанные на общих взглядах / мнениях — shared principles

    принцип презумпции невиновности юр. — principle of "innocent until proven guilty"

    принцип равного отстояния / удаления (при определении границ территориального моря) юр. — equidistance principle, principle of equidistance

    принцип справедливости — principle of equity / justice

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > принцип

  • 18 CISM

    Computer Information Systems and Management Project — проект компьютерных информационных систем и управления на основе предложения датской исследовательской группы в ноябре 1973 г

    Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > CISM

  • 19 двигатель



    - (газотурбинный, поршневой, тепловой) — engine
    - (гидравлический, пневматический, электрический) — motor
    -, авиационный — aircraft engine
    двигатель, используемый или предназначенный к использованию в авиации для перемещения и (или) поддержания ла, на котором он установлен, в воздухе (рис. 46). — an engine that is used or intended to be used in propelting or lifting aircraft.
    - аналогичной конструкции — engine of identical design and сonstruction
    - без наддува (ид) — unsupercharged engine
    -, безредукторный — direct-drive engine
    -, безредукторный винто-вентиляторный (незакопоченный) — unducted fan engine (udf)
    винтовентиляторы вращаются непосредственно силовой (свободной) турбиной с противоположным вращением рабочих колес. — fans are driven directly by a counter-rotating turbine, eliminating complexity of a reduction gearbox.
    -, бензиновый — gasoline engine
    -, боковой (рис. 13) — side engine
    - в подвесной мотогондоле — pod engine
    -, вентиляторный, с противоположным вращением вентиляторов — contrafan engine
    - вертикальной наводки, приводной (стрелкового вооружения) — (gun) elevation drive motor
    -, винто-вентиляторный (тввд) — prop-fan engine
    -, включенный (работающий) — operating/running/engine
    -, внешний (по отношению к фюзеляжу) (рис. 44) — outboard engine
    - внутреннего сгорания — internal-combustion engine
    -, внутренний (по отношению к наружному двигателю) (рис. 44) — inboard engine
    - воздушного охлаждения (пд) — air-cooled engine
    двигатель, у которого отвод тепла от цилиндров производится воздухом, непосредственно обдувающим их. — an engine whose running temperature is controlled by means of air cooled cylinders.
    -, вспомогательный (всу) — auxiliary power unit (apu)
    -, выключенный — shutdown engine
    -, выключенный (неработающий) — inoperative engine
    -, высокооборотный — high-speed engine
    -, высотный — high-altitude engine
    -, газотурбинный (гтд) — turbine engine
    -, газотурбинный (вертолетныи) — helicopter turboshaft engine
    -,газотурбинный-энергоузел (стартер-энергоузел) — turbine-starter - auxiliary power unit, starter - apu
    - (-) генератор — motor-generator
    устройство для преобразования одного вида эл. энергии в другую (напр., переменный ток в постоянный). — а motor-generator combination for converting one kind of electric power to another (e.g. ас to dc)
    - горизонтальной наводки, приводной (стрелкового вооружения) — (gun) azimuth drive motor
    - двухвальной схемы (турбовальный) — two-shaft turbine engine
    -, двухвальный турбовинтовой — two-shaft turboprop engine
    -, двухвальный турбореактивный — two-shaft /-rotor, -spool/turbojet engine
    -, двухкаскадный — two-rotor /-shaft, -spool/ engine, twin-spool engine
    двухвальный турбореактивный двигатель называется также двухроторным или двухкаскадным двигателем. — а two-rotor engine is a twoshaft or two-spool engine with lp and hp compressors and hp and lp turbines.
    -, двухкаскадный, двухконтурный, (турбореактивный) — two-rotor /twin-spool/ by-pass turbo-jet engine
    -, двухкаскадный, турбовальный, газотурбинный, со свободной турбиной — two-rotor /twin-spool/ turboshaft engine with free-power turbine
    -, двухкаскадный, турбовентиляторвый с устройством отклонения направления тяги — two-rotor /twin-spool/ turbofan engine with thrust deflector system
    -, двухконтурный — by-pass /bypass/ engine
    гтд, в котором, помимо основного внутреннего (первого) контура, имеется наружный (второй) контур, представляющий собой канал кольцевого сечения, оканчивающийся у реактивного сопла. — in а by-pass engine, a part of the air leaving the lp cornpressor is dueted through the by-pass duct around the engine main duct to the exhaust unit to be exhausted to the atmosphere.
    -, двухконтурный с дожиганиem во втором контуре — duct-burning by-pass engine
    -, двухконтурный со смешиванием потоков наружного и и внутренного контуров — by-pass exhaust mixing engine
    -, двухроторный — two-rotor engine
    - двухрядная звезда (пд) — double-row radial engine
    двигатель, у которого цнлиндры расположены двумя рядами радиально относительнo одного oбщего коленчатоro вала. — an engine having two rows of cylinders arranged radially around а common crankshaft. the corresponding front and rear cylinders may or may not be in line.
    -, двухтактный (пд) — two-cycle engine
    -, дозвуковой — subsonic engine
    -, доработанный по модификации (1705) — engine incorporating mod. (1705), post-mod. (1705) engine
    -, звездообразный — radial engine
    поршневой двигатель с радиальным расположением цилиндров, оси которых лежат в одной, двух или нескольких плоскостях, перпендикулярных к оси коленчатого вала — an engine having stationary cylinders arranged radially around а commom crankshaft.
    -, звездообразный двухрядный — double-row radial engine
    -, звездообразный однорядный — single-row radial engine
    -, исполнительный (эл.) — (electric) actuator, servo motor
    -, исполнительный, канала курса (крена или тангажа) (гироплатформы) — azimuth (roll or pitch) servornotor
    -, карбюраторный (пд) — carburetor engine
    -, коррекционный (гироскопического прибора) — erection torque motor
    -, критический — critical engine
    двигатель, отказ которого вызывает наиболее неблагоприятные изменения в поведении самолета, управляемости и избытке тяги. — "critical engineп means the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of an aircraft.
    -, крыльевой (установленный на крыле) — wing engine
    - левого вращения — engine of lh rotation
    -, маломощный — low-powered engine
    -, многорядный (пд) — multirow engine
    -, многорядный звездообразный — multirow radial engine
    -, модифицированный — modified engine
    - модульной конструкции — module-construction engine

    lp compressor - module i, hp compressor - module 2, etc.
    -, мощный — high-powered engine
    -, недоработанный no модификацин (1705) — engine not incorporating mod. (1705), pre-mod. (1705) engine
    -, незакапоченный — uncowled engine
    - непосредственного впрыска (пд) — fuel injection engine
    -, неработающий — inoperative engine
    -, одновальный (гтд) — single-shaft /single-rotor/ turbine engine
    -, одновальный двухконтурный — single-shaft /single-rotor/ bypass engine
    -, одновальный турбовентиляторный — single-shaft /single-rotor/ turbofan engine
    -, одновальный турбовинтовой — single-shaft turboprop engine
    -, одновальный турбореактивный — single-shaft /single-rotor/turbojet engine
    -, однорядный (пд) — single-row engine
    -, опытный — prototype engine
    двигатель определенного тиna, еще не прошедший типовые государственные испытания. — the tirst engine of a type and arrangement not approved previously, to be submitted for type approval test.
    -, основной — main engine
    -, оставшийся (продолжающий работать) — remaining engine
    -, отказавший — inoperative/failed/ engine
    - отработки (эл., исполнительный) — servomotor
    - отработки следящей системы — servo loop drive motor
    - подтяга (патронной ленты) — ammunition booster torque motor
    -, поперечный коррекционный (авиагоризонта) — roll erection torque motor
    -, поршневой (пд) — reciprocating engine
    - правого вращения — engine of rh rotation
    -, продольный коррекционный (авиагоризонта) — pitch erection torque motor
    -, прямоточный — ramjet engine
    двигатель без механического компрессора, в котором сжатие воздуха обеспечивается поступательным движением самого двигателя. — а jet engine with no meehanical compressor, and using the air for combustion compressed by forward motion of the engine.
    - работающий — operating engine
    -, работающий с перебоями — rough engine
    двигатель, работающий с неисправной системой зажигания или подачи топлива (рабочей смеси) — an engine that is running or firing unevenly, usually due to а faulty condition in either the fuel or ignition systems.
    - рамы крена (гироплатформы — roll-gimbal servomotor
    - рамы курса (гироплатформы — azimuth-gimbal servomotor
    - рамы тангажа (гироплатформы) — pitch-gimbal servomotor
    -, реактивный — jet-engine
    двигатель, в котором энергия топлива преобразуется в кинетическую энергию газовой струи, вытекающей из двигателя, a получающаяся за счет этого сила реакции нenоcредственно используется как сила тяги для перемещения летательного аппарата. — an aircraft engine that derives all or most of its thrust by reaction to its ejection of combustion products (or heated air) in a jet and that obtains oxygen from the atmosphere for the combustion of its fuel.
    -, реактивный, пульсирующий — pulse jet (engine)
    применяется для непосредственного вращения несущеro винта вертолета. — pulse jets are designed for helicopter rotor propulsion.
    -, ремонтный — overhauled engine
    серийный двигатель, отремонтированный или восстановленный до состояния, удовлетворяющего требованиям серийного стандарта, и пригодный для дальнейшей эксплуатации в течение установленного межремонтного ресурса. — an engine which has been repaired or reconditioned to а standard rendering it eligible for the complete overhaul life agreed by the national authority.
    - с внешним смесеобразованием (пд) — carburetor engine
    двигатель внутреннего сгорания, у которого горючая смесь образуется вне рабочего цилиндра. — an engine in which the fuel/air mixture is formed in the carburetor.
    - с внутренним смесеобразованием — fuel-injection engine
    двигатель, у которого горючая смесь образуется внутри рабочего цилиндра. — an engine in which fuel is directly injected into the cylinders.
    - с водяным охлаждением (пд) — water-cooled engine
    - с высокой степенью сжатия — high-compression engine
    - с нагнетателем (пд) — supercharged engine
    - с наддувом (пд) с осевым компрессором (пд) — supercharged engine axial-flom turbine engine
    - с передним расположением вентилятора — front fan turbine engine
    - с противоточной камерой сгорания (гтд) — reverse-flow turbine engine
    - с редуктором — engine with reduction gear
    - с форсажной камерой (гтд). двигатель с дополнительным сжиганием топлива в специальной камере за турбиной — engine with afterburner, afterburning engine, reheat(ed) engine, engine with thrust augmentor
    - с форсированной (взлетной) мощностью — engine with augmented (takeoff) power rating
    - с центробежным компрессором (гтд) — radial-flow turbine engine
    -, серийный — series engine
    двигатель, изготовляемый в серийном производстве и соответствующий опытному двигателю, принятому при государственных испытаниях для серийного производства. — an engine essentially identiin design, in materials, and in methods of construction, with one which has been approved previously.
    - со свободной турбиной — free-luroine engine
    двигатель с двумя турбинами, валы которых кинематически не связаны. одна из турбин обычно служит для привода компрессора, а другая используется для передачи полезной работы потребителю, например, воздушному (или несущему) винту. — the engine with two turbines whose shafts are not mechanically coupled. one turbine drives the compressor, and the other free turbine drives the propeller or rotor.
    - следящей системы по внутреннему крену (гироплатформы) — inner roll gimbal servomotor
    - следящей системы по наружному крену (гироплатформы) — outer roll gimbal servomotor
    - следящей системы по курсу (гироплатформы) — azimuth gimbal servomotor
    - следящей системы по тангажу (гироплатформы) — pitch gimbal servomotor
    -, собственно — engine itself
    -, средний (рис. 44) — center engine
    - стабилизации гироплатформы — stable platform-stabilization servomotor/servo/
    -, стартовый (работающий при взлете) — booster
    -, стартовый твердотопливный — solid propellant booster
    -, трехкаскадный, турбореактивный, с передним вентилятором — three-rotor /triple-spool, triple shaft/ front fan turbo-jet engine
    -, турбовентиляторный — turbofan engine
    двухконтурный турбореактивный двигатель, в котором часть воздуха выбрасывается за первыми ступенями компрессора низкого давления, а остальная часть воздуха за кнд поступает в основной контур с камерами сгорания. — in the turbofan engine a part of the air bypassed and exhausted to atmosphere after the first (two) stages of lp compressor. about half of the thrust is produced by the fan exhaust.
    -, турбовентиляторный (с дожиганием в вентиляторном контуре) — duct-burning turbofan engine
    -, турбовинтовентиляторный — (turbo) propfan engine, unducted fan engine (ufe)
    -, турбовинтовой (твд) — turboprop engine
    газотурбинный двигатель, в котором тепло превращается в кинетическую энергию реактивной струи и в механическую работу на валу двигателя, которая используется для вращения воздушного винта. — а turboprop engine is a turbine engine driving the propeller and developing an additional propulsive thrust by reaction to ejection of combustion products.
    -, "турбовинтовой" (вертолетный, с отбором мощности на вал) — turboshaft engine
    -, турбовинтовой, с толкающим винтом — pusher-turboprop engine
    -, турбопрямоточный — turbo/ram jet engine
    комбинация из турбореактивного (до м-з) и прямоточного (для больших чисел м). — combines а turbo-jet engine (for speeds up to mach 3) and ram jet engine for higher mach numbers.
    -,турбо-ракетный — turbo-rocket engine
    аналог турбопрямоточному двигателю с автономным кислородным питанием, — а turbo/ram jet engine with its own oxygen to provide combustion.
    -, турбореактивный — turbojet engine
    газотурбинный двигатель (с приводом компрессора от турбин), в котором тепло превращается только в кинетическую энергию реактивной струи. — a jet engine incorporating a turbine-driven air compressor to take in and compress the air for the combustion of fuel, the gases of combustion being used both to rotate the turbine and to create a thrust-producing jet.
    -, установленный в мотогондоле — nacelle-mounted engine
    -, установленный в подвесной мотогондоле — pod engine
    -, четырехтактный (поршневой — four-cycle engine
    за два оборота коленчатого вала происходит четыре хода поршня в каждом цилиндре, по одному такту на ход. такт 1 - впуск всасывание рабочей смеси в цилиндр), такт 2 - матке рабочей смеси, такт 3 - рабочий ход (зажигание смеси), такт 4 - выхлоп (выпуск отработанных газов из цилиндра в атмосферу) — a common type of engine which requires two revolutions of the crankshaft (four strokes of the piston) to complete the four events of (1) admission of or forcing the charged mixture of combustible gas into the cylinder, (2) compression of the charge, (3) ignition and burning of the charge, which develops pressure (power) acting on the piston and (4) exhaust or expulsion of the charge from the cylinder.
    -, шаговой (эл.) — step-servo motor
    -, электрический — electric motor
    устройство, преобразующее электрическую энергию во вращательное механическое движение. — device which converts electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy.
    - (-) энергоузел, газотурбинный (ггдэ) — turbine starter /auxiliary power unit, starter/ apu
    для запуска основн. двигателей, хол. прокрутки (стартерный режим) и привода агрегатов самолета при неработающих двигателях (режим энергоузла), имеет свой электростартер.
    в зоне д. — in the region of the engine
    выбег д. — engine run-down
    гонка д. — engine run
    данные д. — engine data
    заливка д. (пд перед запуском) — engine priming
    замена д. — engine replacement /change/
    запуск д. — engine start
    испытание д. — engine test
    мощность д. — engine power
    на входе в д. — at /in/ inlet to the engine
    обороты д. — engine speed /rpm, rpm/
    опробование д. — engine ground test
    опробование д. в полете — in-flight engine test
    опробование д. на земле — engine ground test
    останов д. (выключение) — engine shutdown
    остановка д. (отказ) — engine failure
    остановка д. (выбег) — run down
    остановка д. вслествие недостатка масла (топлива) — engine failure due to oil (fuel) starvation
    отказ д. — engine failure
    перебои в работе д. — rough engine operation
    подогрев д. — engine heating
    проба д. (на земле) — engine ground test
    прогрев д. — engine warm-up
    прокрутка д. (холодная) — engine cranking /motoring/
    работа д. — engine operation
    разгон д. — engine acceleration
    стоянка д. (период, в течение которого двигатель не работает) — engine shutdown. one hundred starts must be made of which 25 starts must be preceded by at least a two-hour engine shutdown.
    тряска д. — engine vibration
    тяга д. — engine thrust
    установка д. — engine installation
    шум д. — engine noise
    вывешивать д. с помощью лебедки — support weight of the engine by a hoist
    выводить д. на требуемые обороты % — accelerate the engine to a required speed of %
    выключать д. — shut down the engine
    глушить д. — shut down the engine
    гонять д. — run the engine
    заливать д. (пд) — prim the engine
    заменять д. — replace the engine
    запускать д. — start the engine
    запускать д. в воздухе — (re)start the engine
    испытывать д. — test the engine
    опробовать д. на земле — ground test the engine
    останавливать д. — shut down the engine
    подвешивать д. — mount the engine
    поднимать д. подъемником — hoist the engine
    подогревать д. — heat the engine
    проворачивать д. на... оборотов — turn the engine... revolutions
    прогревать д. (на оборотах...%) — warm up the engine (at a speed of... %)
    продопжать полет на (двух) д. — continue flight on (two) engines
    разгоняться на одном д. — accelerate with one engine operating
    разгоняться при неработающем критическом д. — accelerate with the critical епgine inoperative
    сбавлять (убирать) обороты (работающего) д. — decelerate the engine
    увеличивать обороты (работающего) д. — accelerate the engine
    устанавливать д. — install the engine

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > двигатель

  • 20 освещение


    illumination, lighting
    (действие осветительных устройств) — lighting /illumination/ is provided by or derived from dome lights.
    - (светотехническое оборудованне, система) — lighting system
    - (светотехническое оборудованне, раздел 033) — lights
    к наружным и внутренним осветительным устройствам относятся посадочные и рулежные фары, аэронавигационные огни, проблесковые маяки, лампы контроля обледенения, сигнальные лампы, табло, плафоны и лампы индивидуального освещения пассажирских мест. — units and components which provide for external and internal illumination such as landing lights, navigation lights, rotating lights, ice lights, master warning lights, passenger reading and cabin dome lights, etc.
    "-" (трафарет, надпись: напр., "освещ. салона") — (cabin) lights /lts/
    -, аварийное — emergency lighting
    отдельные или автономные осветительные системы (устройства), применяемые в случае отказа основных источников электропитания. — separate and independent sub-systems used to provide illumination in case of primary electrical power failure. lncludes inertia flashlights, lanterns, etc.
    -, аварийное — emergency lighting
    для освещения основного салона и аварийных выходов для аварийного покидания ла на земле, — for illumination of the main cabin and overwing exit area to facilitate evacuation of the airplane.
    - аэропорта — airport lighting
    - багажных и технических отсеков — cargo and service /accessory/ compartments lighting /lights/
    -, безбликовое — glare-free illumination
    - белым (красным) светом — white (red) light illumination
    - впп — runway lighting
    -, внешнее — exterior lighting /lights/
    -, внутреннее — interior (compartment) lighting /lights/
    - входа в самолет — courtesy lighting /lights/
    -, дежурное — standby lighting
    обеспечивает ограниченное освещение салона в случае отказа (выключения) основной системы энергопитания, — the standby lighting system provides limited lighting throughout the main cabin if the normal electrical power supply fails.
    - для (проведения) обслуживания — light(ing) for servicing at night, turn on the wing flood lights to provide light for servicing.
    -, запасное — emergency lighting
    -, индивидуальное (пассажирских мест) — reading lights
    -, искусственное — electrical lighting /illumination/ the compartment is electrically illuminated.
    - кабины экипажа — flight compartment lighting /lights/
    для освещения и подсвета рабочих мест, приборных досок и пультов в кабине экипажа. — for direct and indirect illumination of work areas, panels, and instruments.
    -, наружное — exterior lighting /lights/
    светотехнические устройства, установленные снаружи ла: посадочно/рулежные фары, aho, габаритные огни, проблесковые маяки, и т.п. — used to provide illumination outside of airplane. includes lights such as landing, navigation, position, wing illumination, anti-collision, taxi, etc.
    -, ночное — night lighting
    -, общее — general lighting
    -, окружающее — ambient light

    a map is visible in all conditions of ambient light from complete darkness to direct sunlight.
    -, основное — main lighting
    - пассажирских кабин — passenger compartments lighting /lights/
    для освещения салонов, буфетов/кухонь, туалетов, деробов и др. бытовых помещений. — serves areas in which passengers are seated and in buffer/galley, lavatories, lounges, and coat rooms.
    - потолочное — roof lights
    - приборной доски — instrument panel illumination
    -, приборной доски (арматура) — instrument panel lights
    - приборной доски красным светом — instrument panel red light illumination
    -, прямое (нерассеянное) — direct illumination
    - рабочего места (члена экипажа) — illumination of station
    -, рабочего места, прямое — direct illumination of station
    - рабочего места, рассеянное — indirect illumination of station
    -, равномерное — uniform illumination
    - рассеянным светом — indirect illumination

    the cabin is indirectly illuminated.
    - центрального прохода (пассажирского салона) — aisle lighting /lights/

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > освещение

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См. также в других словарях:

  • Internal dosimetry — provides methods for calculation of radiation dose and risks from radionuclides incorporated inside human body. [ [http://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/127/1 4/1 Internal Dosimetry of radionuclides ] ] The Radionuclide deposited in… …   Wikipedia

  • systems theory — systems theory, systems analysis The concept of a system is not peculiar to sociology: it is used in any scientific analysis where a researcher is concerned to understand the pattern or structure between any set of parts or units. A system is… …   Dictionary of sociology

  • Internal ballistics — Internal ballistics, a subfield of ballistics, is the study of a projectile s behavior from the time its propellant s igniter is initiated until it exits the gun barrel. The study of internal ballistics is important to designers and users of… …   Wikipedia

  • Systems science — is the interdisciplinary field of science, which studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations, which are applicable in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology,… …   Wikipedia

  • Systems psychology — is a branch of applied psychology that studies human behaviour and experience in complex systems. It is inspired by systems theory and systems thinking, and based on the theoretical work of Roger Barker, Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana and… …   Wikipedia

  • Internal medicine — is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called internists . Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth… …   Wikipedia

  • Internal reconstruction — is a method of recovering information about a language s past from the characteristics of the language at a later date. Whereas the comparative method compares variations between languages such as in sets of cognates under the assumption that… …   Wikipedia

  • Systems Engineering Laboratories — (also called SEL) was a manufacturer of minicomputers in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was one of the first 32 bit realtime computer system manufacturers. Realtime computers are used for process control and monitoring; to accommodate these… …   Wikipedia

  • Internal Market in Electricity Directive — is the Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 2003 06 26 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 96/92/EC is based in the Treaty establishing the European Community, and… …   Wikipedia

  • Internal audit — Accountancy Key concepts Accountant · Accounting period · Bookkeeping · Cash and accrual basis · Cash flow management · Chart of accounts  …   Wikipedia

  • Internal combustion engine — The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high temperature and high …   Wikipedia

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